1. Blue bonds for marine conservation : Financial institutions can issue or invest in blue bonds that finance sustainable ocean-based projects such as coral reef protection, marine biodiversity conservation, and coastal restoration.
  2. Loans for sustainable fisheries : Tailored financing can support small-scale fishers, cooperatives, and companies that adopt responsible fishing practices, comply with quotas, or shift to eco-certified supply chains.
  3. Investment in ocean-cleaning technologies : Banks and venture capital arms can fund startups and innovators working on solutions for ocean plastic removal, wastewater treatment, and marine pollution tracking systems.
  4. Support for aquaculture sustainability : Financing can target environmentally responsible aquaculture practices, such as land-based systems, integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, or technologies that reduce feed waste and pollution.
  5. Marine protected area development : Institutions can co-finance or underwrite public-private partnerships that develop infrastructure or services supporting marine protected areas, including surveillance, eco-tourism, and enforcement systems.
  6. Blue economy funds : Creation of dedicated funds or blended finance vehicles focused on blue economy sectors — like sustainable shipping, renewable marine energy (e.g., tidal), and marine biotech — can attract climate-aligned investors.
  7. Wastewater management financing : Targeted finance can help cities and industries build or upgrade wastewater treatment systems that prevent pollutants from entering oceans, especially in coastal areas.
  8. Insurance for ocean-dependent livelihoods : Customized insurance products can protect fishers, port operators, and marine tourism workers from climate-related ocean risks, enabling financial resilience and continuity.
  9. Risk assessment tools for ocean health : Financial institutions can invest in or develop analytical tools to assess ocean-related environmental risks in their portfolios and integrate marine biodiversity criteria in investment decisions.
  10. Technical assistance for blue transition : Banks can offer concessional finance or partner with development institutions to provide technical support to businesses transitioning to ocean-friendly operations or complying with marine regulations.