1. Climate adaptation loans : Financial institutions can design credit products that support projects improving resilience to climate impacts, such as coastal defenses, climate-resilient agriculture, and early warning systems.
  2. Green bond issuance for climate action : Banks can issue or underwrite green bonds exclusively targeting climate mitigation or adaptation efforts, including renewable energy, low-emission transport, and reforestation.
  3. Financing for carbon emission reduction projects : Banks can fund verified carbon-reduction initiatives like methane capture, industrial energy efficiency, or clean cookstove programs in both urban and rural areas.
  4. Support for climate technology startups : Venture financing or concessional lending can be directed toward startups working on climate solutions such as carbon capture, climate modeling tools, or sustainable cooling systems.
  5. Incentive-based climate lending : Financial institutions can offer preferential rates or repayment terms for businesses and individuals meeting climate impact targets, such as reduced emissions or verified use of climate-friendly practices.
  6. Climate risk insurance products : Developing and financing insurance schemes that protect against climate-induced disasters (floods, droughts, storms) helps build financial resilience for vulnerable populations and businesses.
  7. Green mortgages and property finance : Mortgage products can be tied to energy-efficient or low-emission housing, encouraging sustainable construction and retrofitting in line with climate objectives.
  8. Carbon market facilitation : Financial institutions can create platforms or services to support the trading, verification, and financing of carbon credits, enabling private sector participation in global climate efforts.
  9. Internal climate stress testing and portfolio alignment : Banks can assess their exposure to climate risks and shift capital toward climate-aligned assets, helping drive systemic alignment with national and global climate targets.
  10. Capacity-building finance : Financial institutions can fund training, awareness, and technical support programs to help clients, especially in the SME sector, understand and implement climate action strategies.